Search results for "Age structure"
showing 10 items of 17 documents
Looking for the Easy Way Out : Demographic Panic and the Twists and Turns of Long-Term Care Policy in Finland
2019
This chapter aims to map the twists and turns in the development of long-term care policy in Finland since the start of the 1990s. The main argument of the chapter is that these changes have to a large part been motivated by what is called here ‘demographic panic’, that is, fear of consequences of population ageing to the public purse. Various policy changes have taken place during the last three decades. Since the late 1980s, Finnish long-term care policies have been made under the shadow of the ‘demographic time bomb’ discourse that argues that care expenditures are to rise exponentially if determined action is not taken to curb the expenditures. As a result, the focus of policy has been …
Dinosaurian survivorship schedules revisited: new insights from an age‐structured population model
2021
Little is known of dinosaur population biology due to insufficient information on age‐dependent fecundities and mortalities. So far, survivorship curves (SC) of only six dinosaurs (four tyrannosaurs, one ceratopsian, one hadrosaur) have been erected from bone assemblages of aged specimens. They indicate high survival throughout most of their life with presumably higher mortalities after hatching and increasing mortalities towards its end. However, none of these studies recognized that to infer a reliable SC for a taxon, the assemblage must preserve a stationary age distribution (i.e. one which is stable, with constant population size over time as overall fecundities match mortalities, herea…
Death certificate only proportions should be age adjusted in studies comparing cancer survival across populations and over time
2015
Abstract Background The proportion of cases notified by death certificate only (DCO) is a commonly used data quality indicator in studies comparing cancer survival across regions and over time. We aimed to assess dependence of DCO proportions on the age structure of cancer patients. Methods Using data from a national cancer survival study in Germany, we determined age specific and overall (crude) DCO proportions for 24 common forms of cancer. We then derived overall (crude) DCO proportions expected in case of shifts of the age distribution of the cancer populations by 5 and 10 years, respectively, assuming age specific DCO proportions to remain constant. Results Median DCO proportions acros…
Identifiability problem for recovering the mortality rate in an age-structured population dynamics model
2014
In this article is studied the identifiability of the age-dependent mortality rate of the Von Foerster–Mc Kendrick model, from the observation of a given age group of the population. In the case where there is no renewal for the population, translated by an additional homogeneous boundary condition to the Von Foerster equation, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the initial density that ensures the mortality rate identifiability. In the inhomogeneous case, modelled by a non-local boundary condition, we make explicit a sufficient condition for the identifiability property, and give a condition for which the identifiability problem is ill-posed. We illustrate this latter case wit…
Studying poverty over time: an analysis by gender and age in Europe
2013
This paper aims to communicate a new conceptualization of persistent poverty used to build the class of longitudinal poverty indices by Mendola et al.(2011), and to show how these indices could be helpful in analyzing the characteristics of persistence of poverty among generations. The indices are based upon the idea that the longer the sequence of consecutive high poverty gaps is, the worse the situation experienced. Moreover they introduce, via a parameter, the idea that the evaluation of the individual experiences of poverty must take into account the poverty mobility in the society. An empirical application on European Community Household Panel data compare the contributions of each gen…
From pragmatics to semantics:Esto esin formulaic expressions
2006
Abstract This paper explores the transition of the Spanish marker esto es (English that is) from a free construction into a reformulative marker, as well as the pragmatic variables involved in this shift. Based on the occurrences of esto es between the 13th and the 15th centuries in the CORDE corpus, the study shows that, in order to account for this change, external factors have to be considered, especially the discourse traditions associated with the texts in which this marker appears. If this hypothesis is correct, then the problem of the pragmatics-semantics interface will have to include a new front, where non-linguistic factors trigger changes in language structure.
Age structure in a newly established and increasing population: initially high proportion of young birds among nesting Great Grey Owls
2020
AbstractThe mechanisms behind expansions of the distribution of a bird species and the ensuing establishment of new populations are poorly known. The distribution of Great Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the western Palearctic has generally expanded towards southwest during the past fifty years, and particularly so in Fennoscandia. In the past decade, the recorded breeding population in Norway, confined to Hedmark county bordering Sweden, increased from 1 pair in 2009 to > 100 pairs in 2017–2018, extending the southwestern border of the distribution > 100 km. We studied the age structure of this expanding population based on the molting pattern of the wing feathers of birds captured at t…
The Age Structure of Human Capital and Economic Growth
2018
This paper shows that the age structure of human capital is a relevant characteristic to take into account when analysing the role of human capital in economic growth. The effect of an increase in the education of the population aged 40–49 years is found to be an order of magnitude larger than an increase in the education attained by any other age cohort. The results are unlikely to be driven by the age structure of the population, as we find that the effects on growth of the age structure of education and the age structure of population are distinct. The findings are robust across specifications and remain unchanged when we control for long‐delayed effects in human capital or for the exper…
A Multivariate Age-Structured Stochastic Model with Immunization Strategies to Describe Bronchiolitis Dynamics
2021
Bronchiolitis has a high morbidity in children under 2 years old. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen causing the disease. At present, there is only a costly humanized monoclonal RSV-specific antibody to prevent RSV. However, different immunization strategies are being developed. Hence, evaluation and comparison of their impact is important for policymakers. The analysis of the disease with a Bayesian stochastic compartmental model provided an improved and more natural description of its dynamics. However, the consideration of different age groups is still needed, since disease transmission greatly varies with age. In this work, we propose a multivariate age-struct…
Demographic aspects of aging
2021
Population aging is occurring in almost all developed countries, albeit with differences in timing and intensity. This unprecedented phenomenon is evident not only in the change in the population age structure, but also in the impressive increase in the average length of life. After describing past, current, and future population trends, this contribution presents theories explaining the reasons for this long-term process that is completely reshaping the age structure of the population. It also describes the inequalities in aging (focusing in particular on the differences by gender, education, and cause of death), and introduces some measures of the individual health and economic consequenc…